Subsidence Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Subsidence - Coursework Example The crystalline rocks in which most metals are mined have greater strength and are less likely to settle or collapse. Subsidence can also occur where underground water has dissolved subsurface materials or has been withdrawn by wells. Sinking caused by the caving in of underground mine workings. Subsidence can result in serious structural damage to buildings, roads, irrigation ditches, underground utilities and pipelines. It can disrupt and alter the flow of surface or underground water. Surface depressions created by subsidence may be filled in, only to sink further because the underground void has not been completely closed. Areas may appear to be free of subsidence for many years and then undergo renewed gradual or even drastic subsidence Weight, including surface developments such as roads, reservoirs, and buildings, and man-made vibrations from such activities as blasting, heavy truck or train traffic can accelerate the natural processes of subsidence. Fluctuations in the level of underground waters caused by pumping or by injecting fluids into the earth can initiate sinking to fill the empty space previously occupied by water or soluble minerals. In general, the type and severity of surface subsidence is governed by the amount ground surface and the location of removal or compression, and the geologic conditions of a particular site. Withdrawal of pore fluids, usually ground water, is a common cause of ground subsidence. Massive lowering of the groundwater table by "mining" of ground water* in a poorly consolidated aquifer results in subsidence of the ground surface. Hydrocompaction produces ground surface collapse from excessive wetting of certain low-density weak soils. This can occur in two general types of soil, a) wind deposited silts b) predominantly fine-grained colluvial soils. In either case, collapse occurs from excessive wetting of previously dry, collapsible soils. Wetting of these materials weakens the already weak or unstable soil structure, which undergoes internal collapse and densification (reduction of air voids). Densification of the weak soil column produces ground surface collapse and subsidence in the v icinity of excessive wetting. Removal of fine material by piping* is probably an additional factor in some cases of subsidence by wetting. Such excessive wetting can occur from irrigation, broken water lines, surface ponding, or drainage diversions. Dissolution of soluble rock or soil materials also results in ground subsidence. This occurs in areas underlain by highly soluble rock formations-especially gypsum (CaSo4. 2H2O), or halite (NaC1); and to lesser extent in limestone (CaCO3) materials. Removal of earth materials by water solution leads to surface collapse. Hydrologic factors that may cause the solution and removal of material may be natural or man-induced. Natural solution is the result of the normal hydrologic processes of downward percolation of surface water and/or lateral movement of ground water within the water table (either the main ground water table or a perched water table). Man-induced hydrologic changes or activities can have much the same effect on soluble eart h materials. Such activities include temporary or permanent stream channel changes, irrigation ditches, land irrigation leaking or broken pipes, temporary or perm

Trash Management and Environment Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trash Management and Environment Health - Essay Example Some wastes are hazardous not only because they contain harmful substances but because they may contain pathogenic microorganism. Wastes containing pathogenic microorganisms are referred to as infectious wastes. Infectious wastes are particularly dangerous since the pathogens can gain access inside the body using various routes. Health care waste can transmit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through improperly disposed contaminated syringe and needles. Improperly disposed sharps can also becomes sources of pathogen as the pathogens can temporarily harbor in sharps. When someone is injured by sharps it can potentially cause diseases. Another types of hazardous waste associated with health care is the genotoxic waste. They can be extremely irritating and harmful effects can be felt immediately after direct contact with skin or eyes. Antineoplastics such as alkylating agents can be considered cytotoxic at any point in the cell cycle (World Health Organization, 2008). Another hazardous waste are the chemicals and radioactive substances. Case studies in various states from 2001 to 2005, revealed the negative effects of improper disposal of hazardous wastes. In August 2001 in Wisconsin, an improperly disposed hydrochloric acid caused chemical burns to the sanitation truck driver. More than that, the residential area was also exposed to the chemical since 1 gallon of the hazardous substance was released. Similar incident took place in New York in June 2004. In June 2002 in Washington, an illegitimate methampetamine laboratory disposed of a hydrochloric acid in an apartment building dumpster. A sanitation worker who got exposed to the hazardous substance sustained a respiratory irritation when they dumped the hydrochloric acid back into the truck. In March 2003 in Colorado, an unknown quantity of a radioactive waste was disposed of by a hospital employee in a dumpster. When it was later picked up by a garbage truck, the contents activated radiation d etectors at the landfill. No one was injured in the incident but restrictions were placed in the landfill until the radioactive waste was removed (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2005). Nitrate is another chemical which should be avoided however the worse part is that it can still get access to homes via drinking water. Although we are constantly exposed to nitrates because it is usually present in foods and our body requires a certain amount of nitrate. Aside from food however, nitrates are main components of most fertilizers hence there is a huge possibility that it may come in contact with the ground water should leakage of the chemical occurs. Since we may be exposed to this chemical through our drinking water, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has set an allowable limit of nitrates in the drinking water for it to be rendered safe for public consumption. When nitrate level is higher than 10 mg/L it can pose a serious health threat particularly to infants, pregnant and nursing mothers. The reason why excessive amount of nitrate should be avoided is that it has the ability to interfere with blood's function as supplier of oxygen to vital t issues in the body. This is especially harmful to infants as it can cause a blue baby syndrome. Gastric and bladder cancer are also risks that can be developed by

Red fort just behind the side tomb of Jama Masjid Essay Example for Free

Red fort just behind the side tomb of Jama Masjid Essay ?The Red Fort (usually transcribed into English as Lal Qilah or Lal Qila) is a 17th-century fort complex constructed by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan[1] in the walled city of Old Delhi (in present day Delhi, India) that served as the residence of the Mughal Emperors. The design is commonly credited to Mughal architect Ustad Ahmad. [2][3] The fort was the palace for Mughal Emperor Shah Jahans new capital, Shahjahanabad, the seventh city in the Delhi site. He moved his capital here from Agra in a move designed to bring prestige to his reign, and to provide ample opportunity to apply his ambitious building schemes and interests. It served as the capital of the Mughals until 1857, when Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled by the British Indian government. The fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats that surround most of the walls. [4] The wall at its north-eastern corner is adjacent to an older fort, the Salimgarh Fort, a defence built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546. The construction of the Red Fort began in 1638 and was completed by 1648. The Red Fort has had many developments added on after its construction by Emperor Shah Jahan. The significant phases of development were under Aurangzeb and later under later Mughal rulers. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. [5][6] The earlier Red Fort was built by Tomara king Anangpala, now known as the Qulb Mosque. [7] The Red Fort derives its name from the extensive use of red sandstone on the massive walls that surround the fort. [7] Shah Jahan commissioned the construction of the Red Fort in 1638 when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Ustad Ahmad was chosen as the architect for construction of the royal palace. Construction began in the auspicious month of Muharram on 13 May 1638. [8]:01 Construction of the fort was supervised by Shah Jahan himself and was completed in 1648. [9][10] The Red Fort was originally referred to as Qila-i-Mubarak (the blessed fort), because it was the residence of the royal family. [11][12] Unlike the other Mughal forts, layout of the boundary walls of the Red Fort is not symmetrical so as to retain and integrate the older Salimgarh Fort. [8]:04 The fortress palace was an important focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad (present day Old Delhi). The planning and aesthetics of the Red Fort represent the zenith of Mughal creativity which prevailed during the reign of emperor Shah Jahan. Aurangzeb, Shah Jahans successor, added the Moti Masjid to the emperors private quarters and constructed barbicans in front of the two main gates, which made the entrance route to the palace more circuitous. [8]:08 The administrative and fiscal structure of the Mughals declined after Aurangzeb. The 18th century thus saw a degeneration of the palace and inhabitants of the Red Fort. When Jahandar Shah took over the Red Fort in 1712, the palace had been without an emperor for 30 years. Within a year of his rule, Jahandar Shah was murdered and replaced by Farukhsiyar. To combat the declining finances, the silver ceiling of the palace Rang Mahal was replaced by copper during this period. Muhammad Shah, who was also known as Rangila (the colourful) for his deep interest in arts, took over the Red Fort in 1719. In 1739, Nadir Shah, the Persian emperor, attacked the Mughals. The Mughal army was easily defeated and Nadir Shah plundered the Red Fort of its riches including the Peacock Throne. Nadir Shah returned to Persia after three months leaving a destroyed city and a weakening Mughal empire to Muhammad Shah. [8]:09 The internal weaknesses of the Mughal empire turned Mughals into titular heads of Delhi. A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protector of the throne at Delhi. [13][14] The Maratha conquest of Lahore and Peshawar in 1758,[15] put them in direct confrontation with Ahmad Shah Durrani. [16][17] In 1760, the Marathas removed and melted the Silver ceiling of the Diwan-i-Khas to generate funds for the defence of Delhi from the armies of Ahmed Shah Durrani. [18][19] In 1761, after the Marathas lost the third battle of Panipat, Delhi was raided by Ahmed Shah Durrani. In 1771, Shah Alam ascended to the throne in Delhi with the support of the Marathas. [8]:10 In 1783, the Sikh Misl Karorisinghia, led by Baghel Singh Dhaliwal, conquered Delhi and the Red Fort. Sikhs agreed to restore Shah Alam as the emperor and retreat from the fort on the condition that Mughals would construct and protect seven historical Gurudwaras in Delhi associated with the Sikh gurus. [20] Red Fort Before the Seige The Illustrated London News 1858 In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi, ending the Maratha rule over the city and their control over the fort. [21] After the battle, British took over the administration of Mughal territories and installed a Resident at the Mughal courts in Red Fort. [8]:11 The last Mughal emperor to occupy the fort, Bahadur Shah II Zafar, emerged as a symbol of the 1857 rebellion against the British in which the residents of Shahjahanbad participated. [8]:15 Red Fort in Delhi, c. 1905 Despite being the seat of Mughal power and its defensive capabilities, the Red Fort was not defended during the 1857 uprising against the British. After the failure of the rebellion, Bahadur Shah II left the fort on 17 September and was apprehended by British forces. He returned to Red Fort as a prisoner of the British and was tried in 1858. He was exiled to Rangoon on 7 October of the same year. [22] With the end of the Mughal reign, the British gave official sanctions to remove and sell valuables from the palace at the Red Fort. In 1863, British destroyed many buildings inside and outside the fort, filled up the gardens, stripped the fort of any valuable items and reduced it to just a military structure. [8]:16–7 After Indian Independence, the site experienced few changes in terms of addition or alteration to the structures. The Red Fort continued to be used as a cantonment even after Independence. A significant part of the fort remained under the control of the Indian Army until 22 December 2003, when it was handed over to the Archaeological Survey of India for restoration. [23][24] Architectural designs The Red Fort covers a total area of about 254. 67 acres enclosed within 2. 4 kilometres of defence walls. [1] The walls are punctuated by turrets and bastions. They vary in height from 18 m on the river side to 33 m on the city side. The fort is shaped like an octagon with the north-south axis longer than the east-west axis. The use of marble, floral decorations, double domes in the buildings inside the fort exemplifies the later phase of Mughal architecture. [25] It showcases a very high level of art form and ornamental work. It is believed that the Kohinoor diamond was a part of the furniture. The art work in the Fort is a synthesis of Persian, European and Indian art which resulted in the development of unique Shahjahani style which is very rich in form, expression and colour. Red Fort is one of the important building complexes of India which encapsulates a long period of Indian history and its arts. Even before its notification as a monument of national importance in the year 1913, efforts were made to preserve and conserve the Red Fort, for posterity. The walls of Lahore and Delhi gates were for the general public and Khizrabad Gate was for emperors personal use. [8]:04 The Lahore Gate is the main entrance leading to the domed arcade containing shops called the Chatta Chowk (covered bazaar). [25] Silk, jewellery and other items which catered to the royal household were sold in Chatta Chowk in the Mughal period. Chatta Chowk leads to a large open space where it crosses the large north-south street that was originally the division between the forts military functions, to its west, and the palaces, to its east. The southern end of this street is the Delhi Gate. Important structures Lahore Gate The Indian flag flying from Lahore Gate The Lahore gate is the main gate to the Red Fort named after its orientation towards Lahore, Pakistan. It is said that during Aurangzebs reign the beauty of both the gates was spoiled by adding bastions: The vista like a veil drawn across the face of a beautiful woman. [26][27][28] Every year since Indian Independence Day 1947, the national flag has been raised and the Prime Minister has made a speech from the ramparts at the Lahore Gate. In the 1980s, the security of the area was increased by blocking the tower windows as a security measure against sniper attacks. A lift was also added to the gate. [29] Delhi Gate

The Background Of Glaxosmithkline

The Background Of Glaxosmithkline GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is amongst the top 20 FT Global 500 companies and among the top 5 pharmaceutical companies in the world. GSK develops, produces and promotes in two industry sectors: Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Healthcare. The company, through its Pharmaceuticals segment, focuses on provides prescription pharmaceuticals and vaccines. Its Consumer Healthcare segment provides OTC medicines, Oral healthcare and Nutritional healthcare (Datamonitor, 2005). The company mainly operates in 120 countries and its promotion is done in over 150 countries. Its headquarter is in Brentford, UK and employees are 99,913 as of December 31, 2009. GSKs history goes as far back as 1859 when Beecham opened the worlds first factory built solely for making medicines at St Helens in England. Since that time the group has passed through many phases, but the turning point came during the merger of Glaxo Welcome and SmithKline Beecham in 2000, it had also seen a merger of Glaxo and Welcome in 1995 (Glaxo, 1998). There was a main impact on the society, structure, stakeholders and policy of the company due to this combination. The company recorded revenues of  £28,368 million ($44,422.3 million-) during the financial year (FY) ended December 2009, an increase of 16.5% over FY2008. The operating profit of the company was  £8,425 million ($13,193 million-) during FY2009, an increase of 18% over FY2008. The net profit was  £5,669 million ($8,877.3 million-) in FY2009, an increase of 20.3% over FY2008. Calculated using the constant conversion rate of  £1 = $1.56593 for the year ended December 31, 2009. (Source: http://www.researchandmarkets.com) Improvement is at the spirit of GSKs aims and the company promotes this through its exceptional culture. The objective of the company as described by its Annual Report 2009 is to become the undisputable leader in the pharmaceutical and consumer health industry (Glaxo, 2009). The strategies of GSK is to paying attention the business around the deliverance of three strategies priorities-Grow a diversified universal business- Broadening and matching their portfol io, diversifying into latest products areas and capturing chances that exist outside their recognized geographic footprint. Distribute more products of value- Transforming R D to make sure they not only deliver the urgent pipeline but are also capable to uphold the stream of products for days to come. Simplifying the working model- to make sure that is well for purpose and capable to maintain their business in the most cost efficient manner. (http://www.gsk.co.uk) 02. Changes are being affected by the Economy Strategic development effects the company in different ways. To evaluate atmosphere of any organization we have to understand the connection with different problems and matter with one another and the outcome of that particular areas. It includes the characteristic those are political (taxason policy, foreign trade regulation, government stability), economical (unemployment, disposable income), social (life style change, level of education), technological (government spending on research, speed of technology transfer), environmental (companys responsibility to society) and legislative (code of practice, access to raw materials) factors. There has been extensive research into the possible impact of freedom of global trade by World Trade Organization (WTO). for China. In 2005 China announced the ending of some of the remain quota systems existing on different segments. This has assist the process of globalization in support of moral drug manufacturers like GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and also opened up a marketplace of 1.29 billion inhabitants. It has been estimated that in 2004 the global pharmaceutical market was worth  £ 275 billion, with projections showing an annual global sales growth of 6% over the following five years (Datamonitor, 2005). Illustration upon Pollack (2005), it can be stated that the majority of the sales in the industry originate from the Triad countries i.e. US, EU and Japan. The strength of economy is a vital power on the level of flexible buying and how greatly is spent on requirement purchases. The following graph and the table of figures have been made with the help of data taken from ONS (2005 ). The UK industry cycle (HM Treasury, 2005) shows that the existing cycle in progress in the early 1999; pointed in 2001 and afterward saw its lowest point in 2003. This is excellent news for all the businesses in UK as these cycles have fewer impact on them now than before. The illustration of the UK business cycle adopted from HM Treasury Report 2005 is provided as follows: National Health Service (NHS) has expected that healthcare expenditure growth will continue fairly stable till 2014, growing at the price of 7% every year (NHS, 2005). This chart growth in the healthcare spending can be seen has a chance for ethical drug manufacturers like GSK. The existence of price control has limited the revenues that the research-based companies can make from their patented products. There are stringent government regulations that govern the entry to pharmaceutical industry. (Debra Sivakumar, 2004). Thus it can be fulfilled that the rising costs, stringent laws, increasing basic competition and declining innovation are the main reasons for the post merger combination changes in the RD division by the administration of GSK. 03.An Evaluation of the Strengths and Weaknesses of the GlaxoSmithKline Every organization has their Strengths and Weaknesses. After an analysis of GlaxoSmithKline the following strengths and weaknesses has find out. Strengths The major strength of GlaxoSmithKline is its well-built RD development with a broad therapeutic exposure and its Marketing power in key geographical and therapeutic areas. The company is extreme less incorporated than the other big business that which makes them additional flexible compared to others. It has a big business structure. GSK drive its business not only in UK but in many countries all over the world. It has accessible Patent security for a number of years on key products. Quality management team and large highly skilled work force increased the companys status. Its Revenues up 8.5% since 2005 and Profits up 13.3% since 2005. Sound investment made the company worldwide positioned 2 in the pharmaceutical manufacturing. Plans to offer 25 new drugs in next 2 years might be the strengths. Weaknesses GlaxoSmithKline is an industry leader. Although their products are renowned, GSK is not a well known brand name. Public reflection in US is reduced after efforts to limit re-sale of drugs from Canada to US. High debt to equity share is their weakness thats raising cost of sales. Hammering of 11 products in period II testing. Internet sales from Canada to US decrease sales straight to US. The company has low market domination. Irregularity of attractive promotions is another weakness of GSK. The company is highly depending on only some selected products. For the main focus on UK marketplace losing opportunities. In the final stages of progress the company has discontinuation of some products. Their Co-marketing agreement can decrease GSKs worldwide presence. Enlarged size and operational difficulty makes GSK a less responsive company. (Source: http://www.allfreeessays.com) 04. Comparison of the alternatives form of Organization Development The merger of 2000 can be seen as the proper use of sigmoid curve (Handy, 1994), as the company started a new curve before the first one declined. Both the companies had the time, capital and power to get the next curve through its early struggle before the first curve declines. But it was the practice and management potential of both the companies that direct them through a winning change management plan. This combination can be shown as follows: Considering these outside stimulus the CEO of the company Jean-Pierre Garnier tried to reconcile the concepts of being big and think small by dividing the RD department into seven centers of excellence for drug discovery (hereafter CEDD) (Financial Times: April 2, 2001). The change can be categorizing as planned map and can be represented on the following diagram: The change condition of the RD division through the post-integration era at GSK can be seen as transformational as it accomplish the five main indicators of transforming alteration given by Ashburner et al. (1996: p. 6). The declared change influenced the culture existing at the sector, changed the relations of operations and RD division, created new leaders inside each CEDDs, changed functions of individuals teams. Moreover, in this change the managing role was positive therefore GSK being the core of RD can be seen as in the designed transformational phase, during the post integration stage of the combination. The varieties of change Model has illustrated below: Figure: Varieties of change Barnard Burns, Managing Change, 5th edition,2009 The culture of repeated align little improvement and consistency defer large results in the structure of compound efficiency improvement. Kaizen method includes building changes and monitoring results, then regulating. Large- scale pre-planning and widespread project developments are replaced by less significant experiments, which can be rapidly modified as new improvements. Stable method may be enhanced by applying a kaizen continuous development program. A remarkable step-change in performance may be achieved by radical re-engineering of the GlaxoSmithKline. Figure: Approaches to Change: Barnard Burns, Managing Change, 5th edition,2009 Changing the behavior of even one individual, that is discontinuing discarded behaviors and /or initiating latest behaviors is a challenge. But large-scale transformation is something else overall. Openly recognizing the step a process has reached in the life cycle offer guidance for practitioners successfully to direct and handle a program of performance development. Hence, in todays universal and dynamic environment patent with hyper-competitive and unstable markets it is widely accepted that an organizations capacity to manage change rapidly, effectively and positively is a important driver of organizational success. 05. Stakeholders Analysis in the Change of GSK Stakeholders are people or organizations who either place to be affected by the project or could make or break the projects winner. They may be winners or loosers, included or excluded from decision-making, users of results, participants in the development. Stakeholders analysis is the identification of a projects key stakeholders a assessment of their interests in the project and the ways in which these interests may affect a project. In order to identify the problem and thus make a sense of importance a stakeholder mapping had done by the industry. The company defined the core and peripheral stakeholders for this change and grouped them together to create a strategy for each group. The diagram explains the company identified the possible impacts on each of its stakeholders and devised a policy to undertake these impacts efficiently that the first step showed scientists and shareholders to be the core in this transform. To make a list of approaching forces (Lewis, 1951), the stakeholders and the impacts measured by the company can be summarized by the following table: In addition, the association of GSK with its key stakeholders was used to prove the plan that was adopted for every set of stakeholders. This has summarized by Power/ Interest Grid for stakeholder prioritization. The intend of each strategy can be seen in this depiction: Hence the company used a comprehensible and mutual vision that acted as a compass that afford ongoing track to the transform journey. Depiction upon Chorn (2004) the vision needs to be clear and widely shared throughout the organization. The mission statement of GlaxoSmithKline according to its most recent annual report is to become the undisputable leader in the pharmaceutical and consumer health industry (Glaxo, 2009). This statement truly captures the strength and intentions of the company. But critics recommend that the mission statements generally are not useful in mobilizing force for the change. 06. An Investigation and Evaluation of the Proposed Change in GSK There are no simple solutions to the challenge to provide sustainable entrance to healthcare in developing countries. GSK are committed to live a full part in addressing the healthcare challenges of the developing world by taking a pioneering, liable and sustainable approach. GSK is playing a essential role to developing country healthcare by action in different areas including: superior pricing of our anti-retrovirals and anti-malarials; tiered pricing of our vaccines; investing in RD that aims diseases mainly affecting the developing world; community investment movements and partnerships that promote effective; and seeking innovative partnerships and solutions. We cover our contribution to improving access to medicines extensively in our Corporate Responsibility Report. We were a clear leader in the first Access to Medicines (ATM Foundation in 2008). In February 2009, they announced a sequence of commitments for the UN named list of least developed countries, including a extra flexible approach to scholar property for investigate into ignored diseases, a promise to invest in healthcare infrastructure. A major increase in property from the worldwide community is still needed to maintain RD and to supply access to the follow-on medicines and vaccines. GSK are working to give access to medicines for people with inadequate financial funds and without prescription drug insurance. Leadership style used in each CEDD and the overall leadership style during this change has been under pressure so that it is aligned with enhancing creativity (Financial Times, 2005). The inspiration of the people was extremely low for many changes going on in a very short period of time. Employees first saw the joining of Galxo and Wellcome in 1995 and then of GlaxoSmithKline in 2000. They had a thought that they were being treated like sales division by raising competition within themselves (Financial Times, Oct 24, 2002). This fall in the motivation of the workers can be seen as what is identified as Denial Stage in the Kubler-Ross Transition model. This model with the emotional states of the undergoing staff is illustrated as follows: So according to this curve, GSK needed move toward that allows a soft transition from denial to recognition in a little time frame. GSK also needed to be changed to supply for this new CEDDs based RD division as there might be potential knowledge management matter among the centers and also they had to struggle for their budgeting needs. These issues in the enablers part of the EFQM would guide to the GSKs unhappy employees and consumers that in the long term will plan in weak pipeline which is one of the key performance indicator for GSK. Although the act taken by the administration to create the CEDDs can be seen as an unexpected one, but it took the trail of Organizational Development to establish this change into the culture of the organization. 07. Development and Adaption of appropriate models for the recommended Changes: In order to connect the improvements from this transform, GSK needed to apply the organizational improvement theories to cope the smooth midway period. The change from one RD division to seven independent group oriented CEDDs, can be represented in the following diagram: This structural change can only be possible if it is supported by a cultural change Handy (1993). Thus the business was faced with yet a new difficulty of changing the culture of the department to make the CEDDs work successfully. There are several models that illustrate this intangible attribute of a company on a map. One of the most accepted one is the Gottarna Cultural Map (Handy, 1993 Chorn, 2004). According to this diagram the culture of the organization can be exposed as I (Integration), D (Development), A (Administration) and P (Performance) logics or some arrangement of this. Thus the cultural change at GSK can be presented on the following axis: It shows that prior to the transform in the RD section the existing culture can be seen as a Power Culture and it was extra oriented to the development (D) area. Thus the sector was lacking a competitive atmosphere. The change in the organization of the department can be seen as a planned change in the culture to the performance (P) area that keeps an eye on the contest and uses creativeness and innovation in the limits of realism. This cultural alteration in turn needs a strategic coalition of the external internal players of the area. Strategic alignment for GSK is given below: (Best fit approach (Handy, 1993) The model illustrates the quantification of outside orientation of internal portion that includes leadership, society and plan. The fit among the internal external situation is the key to a constant competitive benefit and adds value for every stakeholders of the business. Although the vital aim of the planned change is on structural feature of the RD division but the impact also be seen on the culture of the division as well. The process of Cultural Change: The challenge was to inspire people and have possibility plans for this cultural transform at GlaxoSmithKlines RD section. The chance is infinite in an institute; the complex part is to decide which interventions are expected to have major impact. The company has adopted a four step procedure to beginning of cultural change. The change process has been a little customized from the force field analysis proposed by (Lewin 1951) to fit the transform situation of GSK. The steps that were undertaken by the group can be illustrates by the following diagram: By these four steps it covers the following points: Ensure that the RD department people know the pressure of transform. Grow and share a clear image about where the company and department is headed. Put in position the person, departmental and managerial capability for change. Have a preparation of action that outlines what has to be completed to get it all started. Lewins Three-Step model Managing Change includes the effectiveness policies and programs to allow those change agents to accomplish the new vision. For the work, I will be choosing Kurt Lewins 3- step model for the change of the organization. Lewin identified the role of habit in our thoughts and actions. Lewins basic change model of unfreezing, changing and refreezing to be a theoretical foundation upon which change theory could be built solidly in GlaxoSmithKline. Figure: Lewins Three-Step model of change Unfreezing (create dissatisfaction): Unfreezing is the basic step into the theory. It is about serving the stakeholders let go or not do things how they have always done. The effects of the driving and restraining forces appear to play at this step. If the restraining is larger than or equivalent to the driving forces there will be no transformation. So GlaxoSmithKline company must aware about their driving force and restraining to be successful of the change in the organization.The driving force must outweigh the restraining force in order for enough motivation to take place; merely introducing a driving force is not enough to cause a shift in the equilibrium of the perceived change (Schein, 1995). Moving (implementation): Moving to a new stage or changing means accurately that it is about changing the old actions with accomplishment that are reliable with the objective. To help retain the inspiration for change of the GSK, functioning in groups or obtaining support is useful. The process of change is not only done physically, it requires mental alterations (Tichey, 1997). Refreezing (Stabilization): This is the last stage in the 3-step model. When the transformation are taking figure and people have hold close the new behavior of functioning the organization is organized to refreeze. GSK needs to make sure that the changes of the company are used all the time and that they are integrated into everyday dealings. GSK can accomplish this step when most of their stakeholders normally take the creative action with no thinking, it turn into the model. The new action must be fitting to behaviors and characteristics of the individual to remain effective or the old action will reemerge (Schein, 1995). 08. Planning of Implementation and Possible Outcomes: GSK has provided clear guidelines for people to create the main first steps. It is obvious from the literature that the effectiveness of the change program depends upon the first steps taken (Andrew, 1995). The change attempts can fail because no one knows where to start Chorn (2004). It is required to break down the idea into its divided parts. SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Rational and Time bound objectives require to be setup. Then list the actions required to carry regarding these objectives must be done. Lastly set performance actions require to be taken care of. The stepwise approaches make sure that objectives are reached in time and the change takes place in a time bound frame. The change of the RD division from a particular unit to seven smaller, independent CEDDs and the cultural change which will accompany it can be seen like people oriented and also as ignoring the job needs. As the group will be working separately and there will be a contest among the teams therefore the position that can establish with over importance on teams can be revealed with John Adairs circles (Handy, 1993) bellow: Hence, in order to remain the team alert on the duty, the equilibrium among team, task and person needs must be catered. This can be completed by having a democratic leadership approach inside all CEDDs. GSK uses European Foundation for Quality Management (Excellence Model) to measure its performance (Simmons, 2003). The model has been used by the companies to measure their performance in different phase of change management. This structure provides a benchmark alongside the best apply not only in the business but also across various industries. The impact of transform on the business and in particular on the RD division is considered to be of competitive benefit for GlaxoSmithKline and can be represented on EFQM by using arrows in the following way: This shows the change method has an outcome on management, people, resources and process that will also impact on the effect of customers and key performance indicators. Conclusion: In order to sum it up, it can be accomplished that the content, framework and process adopted by GSK in the light of external market changes throughout the post merger combination of the corporation can be seen as a good apply in the change managing field. The study shows that the requirements for change projected by the management were desired at that time and the assessment strengthens this argument. The procedure adopted by the business can also be seen like one of the greatest practices to be used for benchmarking in the production because the cultural characteristics were marked and dealt with during the transformation. Therefore in light of the discussion provided with the help of relevant theories the change management at GSK of division of RD department into CEDDs can be used as benchmark for good practice for others in and across the industry. Word Count: 3784

To Kill a Mockingbird: Character Analysis of Jem and Scout Essay

To Kill a Mockingbird: Character Analysis of Jem and Scout   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine just two young kids maturing within a matter of years. Imagine that same two kids, experiencing or understanding things that they aren’t meant to at a young age. Jem and Scout were just like that. They have experienced many things that they shouldn’t have at their age. Scout on the other hand, seems to be the one maturing the most. Throughout this whole essay, you will learn about Jem and Scout’s attributes, personality, and how alike or different they are from each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jem and Scout are two siblings. They love to have fun, be with their father, and try to understand many things that are going in their lives. An example is Scout. She is a very unusual little girl, she is unusually smart and unusually worries about the goodness of evil and mankind. â€Å"I think there’s just one kind of folks. Folks.† The quote illustrates that Scout thinks that, everyone in the world is the same. Even though their skin colors or their lifestyles are different, they are all the same. Jem is a boy who is not without hope. He is also like Scout, although he has some doubts over what Scout may think. â€Å"If there’s just one kind of folks, why can’t they get along with each other? If they’re all alike, why do they get out of their way to despise each other?† What Jem is trying to say in the quote is that, if people are all the same, why do they still discriminate each other? Jem and Scout are two siblings who just want t...

The Lies of James Gatz Essays -- F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby

The Lies of James Gatz Many great novels such as F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby tackle the subject of passing, or being fake, which involves a character pretending to be something or someone that he or she is not. Although it takes a while for the reader to discover that Gatsby has been living a fictitious life, in order to pass for someone from a higher social class, this becomes one of the more important aspects in The Great Gatsby. Gatsby has created this magnificent lie about his past in order to be impressive, yet he still comes off as quite mysterious to the people he associates with. This may be due to the fact that Gatsby is a quiet but exceedingly generous man. Gatsby is constantly throwing parties and buying the nicest of things. This causes rumors to be constantly flying about Gatsby and his wealth. Gatsby is a powerful looking man who insists on having his house filled with nonstop parties. The guests at these parties spend much of their time gossiping about Gatsby, some saying things such as, ?he killed a man once? and ?he was a German spy during the war? (44...

A Study of the Service Cycle of Medical Tourism in India

One of the major practices in healthcare is the process of ‘patient outsourcing’, in the form of medical tourism or ‘Medical travel’.   This form of business protocol is becoming hugely popular in the developed countries of the world, as it has tremendous benefits.Medical tourism is a deliberate effort to combine health issues along with travel for tourism and leisure (Health Base, 2006, Recover Discover, 2007). Several organizations may be involved in the process of medical tourism including:-The governments – They are responsible for framing a policy that would ensure regulated flow of tourists from one part of the globe to another to enable effective healthcare provision.   Besides, it would also ensure that the tourists can obtain valid travel documents easily.Hospital Associations – Associations founded between the hospitals of the tourist and the destination country are required to communicate with each other so as to help in the flow of medical tourists.This is to ensure that all ethical and legal issues are addressed, and an effective marketing communication system can exist.   It would be ideal for the patient to first speak to his/her usual healthcare provider before seeking medical facilities in another nation.   Hospitals in the west can also consider recognizing and providing accreditation for hospitals in developing nations, so that the quality standards pre vailing is well-understood.Travel authorities – They are the authorities who are providing valid travel documents and permission required to enable medical treatment in another nation.   The authorities should understand the need and urgency for medical treatment and hence would have to permit such travel.Travel agencies – They would have to communicate with other parties in the destination to ensure that the health and travel needs of the tourist is meet, keeping in mind quality, cost-effectiveness and hassle-free processes.   The travel agency would have to provide the travelers with customized packages that are cost-effective and seem attractive.   They would also have to market the health packages in the West, to demonstrate clear advantages to the ones existing at home.Ministry of Commerce and trade (Hutchinson, 2005, Heatlhbase, 2006 & American University, 2003).Through the process of globalization, many countries are beginning to closely review their econo mic strengths and risks.   If something is costly in one nation, immediately the resources present in other nations would be approached and utilized.   In medical tourism, the individual would be using cost-effective options in order to fulfill their healthcare needs in areas where the limitations may be less.   These limitations can be several and can be utilized to the advantage of the individual.   Some of the limitations which can be met through medical tourism include:-Going from one nation where certain types of treatment are not available, to another where treatment is available.Going from one country to another, where the quality of treatment is better, improved technology and where expertise in health is available, and innovative options are present   Going from one country to another where treatment is provided in a more cost-effective manner Going from one nation to another where medical treatment including surgery is provided in a more timely manner (to reduce the waiting periods for elective surgeries)Including the family members and seeking treatment away from home where the usual stressful factors would not be felt (Hutchinson, 2005, Heatlhbase, 2006 & American University, 2003)Medical tourisms can take place from one nation to another and from one region of a nation to another region within the same nation. The trend today is that many people from the western or developing nations (which have a very restrictive health setup) are moving to the east, where the practices and policies do favor provision of several benefits in healthcare. There are many unique features of the prospects of medical tourism:-The nations which serve as a market for medical tourisms are providing several attractive policies and practicesThey are using vary attractive marketing strategies to encourage business – An example of this would be to combine medical health visits with holidays to exotic tourist destinations.   Many people from the developed nat ions are finding such packages very attractive and are considering them as they are not only cheaper but also meet their customized needs, conveniently.The developing nations such as Thailand, India, Latin America and China, are offering more holistic kind of treatment and are providing several complementary and alternative treatments that deviate away from allopathic medicine.   Many of these treatments have proven to be effective.   Besides, the treatment facilities are provided in more natural kinds of environment, thus encouraging better healing and recovery (Hutchinson, 2005, Heatlhbase, 2006 & American University, 2003).Medical tourism can be held for various reasons including health and wellness tourism, reproductive purposes, alternative treatment strategies, preventive medical care, spa tourism, surgical tourism, dental tourism, diet and nutrition tourism, transplant tourism, cosmetic tourism, spiritual tourism or even for end-of-life purposes.   Often the individual requiring health treatment would also like to include their family members in the process.